38 10 544 https://oralhistory.uah.edu/files/original/d7593d2496237b828aeaa7966926144f.jpg cc0c4f909af1a8ef79e706ad5968148a https://oralhistory.uah.edu/files/original/52b4d077287a60a9734341464ade2784.mp4 b7164f6fdffd367a1c25591523068700 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Christensen, David Collection Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context ohc_crst_000018_A Title A name given to the resource Palaoro, Hans Description An account of the resource Experiences at Peenemunede in developing propulsion systems. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1971-04-23 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource .MP4 Type The nature or genre of the resource Interviews Audio Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived University of Alabama in Huntsville Archives and Special Collections, Huntsville, Alabama Language A language of the resource en Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource This material may be protected under U. S. Copyright Law (Title 17, U.S. Code) which governs the making of photocopies or reproductions of copyrighted materials. You may use the digitized material for private study, scholarship, or research. Though the University of Alabama in Huntsville Archives and Special Collections has physical ownership of the material in its collections, in some cases we may not own the copyright to the material. It is the patron's obligation to determine and satisfy copyright restrictions when publishing or otherwise distributing materials found in our collections. https://oralhistory.uah.edu/files/original/fbffddf5239b3751a54eb77b2fa92bb7.png 804669b652ff1506c11126ac3cfea965 https://oralhistory.uah.edu/files/original/8a9d8b33762c835d775762e1d3b912f6.mp4 9c63d82ba8c16e8fd890cac28322b746 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Aerospace History Interviews: II Oral History A resource containing historical information obtained in interviews with persons having firsthand knowledge. Interviewee The person(s) being interviewed Counts, Parker Interviewer The person(s) performing the interview Cataldo, Kathryn Duration Length of time involved (seconds, minutes, hours, days, class periods, etc.) 1:30:22 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context ohc_shi2_000035 Title A name given to the resource Parker Counts Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2024-08-02 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource .MP4 Type The nature or genre of the resource Oral History Video Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived University of Alabama in Huntsville Archives and Special Collections, Huntsville, Alabama Language A language of the resource en Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource This material may be protected under U. S. Copyright Law (Title 17, U.S. Code) which governs the making of photocopies or reproductions of copyrighted materials. You may use the digitized material for private study, scholarship, or research. Though the University of Alabama in Huntsville Archives and Special Collections has physical ownership of the material in its collections, in some cases we may not own the copyright to the material. It is the patron's obligation to determine and satisfy copyright restrictions when publishing or otherwise distributing materials found in our collections. https://oralhistory.uah.edu/files/original/e4911694ff8aac4c296c7b0a714b74e3.jpg 4598197eb9b09fa4ae86fb6882190ee7 https://oralhistory.uah.edu/files/original/e09cfcf6eed351406ea5238a7b765fe1.mp4 7907c34c84587d84f5e2bb03e0f622ac Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Saturn V Collection Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context ohc_stnv_000031_A Title A name given to the resource Parker, William Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1971-03-23 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource .MP4 Type The nature or genre of the resource Interviews Audio Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived University of Alabama in Huntsville Archives and Special Collections, Huntsville, Alabama Language A language of the resource en Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource This material may be protected under U. S. Copyright Law (Title 17, U.S. Code) which governs the making of photocopies or reproductions of copyrighted materials. You may use the digitized material for private study, scholarship, or research. Though the University of Alabama in Huntsville Archives and Special Collections has physical ownership of the material in its collections, in some cases we may not own the copyright to the material. It is the patron's obligation to determine and satisfy copyright restrictions when publishing or otherwise distributing materials found in our collections. https://oralhistory.uah.edu/files/original/306b64963df175b7c656c0e395dd57b9.pdf 4fc48558363e4d0712055ae9b531ce59 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Saturn V Collection Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context ohc_stnv_000031_T Title A name given to the resource Parker, William (Transcript) Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1971-03-23 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource .pdf Type The nature or genre of the resource Interviews Text Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived University of Alabama in Huntsville Archives and Special Collections, Huntsville, Alabama Language A language of the resource en Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource This material may be protected under U. S. Copyright Law (Title 17, U.S. Code) which governs the making of photocopies or reproductions of copyrighted materials. You may use the digitized material for private study, scholarship, or research. Though the University of Alabama in Huntsville Archives and Special Collections has physical ownership of the material in its collections, in some cases we may not own the copyright to the material. It is the patron's obligation to determine and satisfy copyright restrictions when publishing or otherwise distributing materials found in our collections. https://oralhistory.uah.edu/files/original/8cb4d7b7f4ca60c500a179349d50d238.png cbb53185b7c7d96bd9a0374d186cc3ac https://oralhistory.uah.edu/files/original/2343328a045029e1bb459f102fda98f4.mp4 4cce346a8d6247db3b0ad50291679665 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Thiokol Oral History Collection Oral History A resource containing historical information obtained in interviews with persons having firsthand knowledge. Interviewee The person(s) being interviewed Anderson, Patricia Interviewer The person(s) performing the interview Webb, Glen Duration Length of time involved (seconds, minutes, hours, days, class periods, etc.) 0:11:40 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Patricia Anderson Description An account of the resource Patricia is from the Chicago area, she graduated high school in Huntsville, and attended a secretarial school. She worked for Dr Cruzy, who was a propellent chemist, for Jesse Smith, and for Mike Difatta. Mike Diffata was in the Programs area and supported the MAC 36 program. In 1995 the division she worked in was closed and she was let go. Patricia worked for PPC doing contract analysis for NASA Goddard. She was the Publications Coordinator and collected cost analysis for instruments launched into space. Currently she works on the C-RAM program (Counter - Rocket, Artillery, Mortar) for Lockheed Martin. Patricia prepares the paperwork to enable people to deploy as installers. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2019-05 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource .MP4 Type The nature or genre of the resource Interviews Video Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived University of Alabama in Huntsville Archives and Special Collections, Huntsville, Alabama Language A language of the resource en Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource This material may be protected under U. S. Copyright Law (Title 17, U.S. Code) which governs the making of photocopies or reproductions of copyrighted materials. You may use the digitized material for private study, scholarship, or research. Though the University of Alabama in Huntsville Archives and Special Collections has physical ownership of the material in its collections, in some cases we may not own the copyright to the material. It is the patron's obligation to determine and satisfy copyright restrictions when publishing or otherwise distributing materials found in our collections. https://oralhistory.uah.edu/files/original/aa56e5c16712f5dc6489bd6be010b85e.png 757333066172785fbeb2ff53866b8caa https://oralhistory.uah.edu/files/original/7b4688f2f21ed58e8a6391b4af5b67d3.mp4 2a21d2c2c19bf3ab92723291a0c957a9 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Aerospace History Interviews: II Oral History A resource containing historical information obtained in interviews with persons having firsthand knowledge. Interviewee The person(s) being interviewed Craighead, Paul Interviewer The person(s) performing the interview Stokes, Jack Duration Length of time involved (seconds, minutes, hours, days, class periods, etc.) 1:24:15 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context ohc_shi2_000081 Title A name given to the resource Paul Craighead Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2025-05-23 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource .MP4 Type The nature or genre of the resource Oral History Video Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived University of Alabama in Huntsville Archives and Special Collections, Huntsville, Alabama Language A language of the resource en Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource This material may be protected under U. S. Copyright Law (Title 17, U.S. Code) which governs the making of photocopies or reproductions of copyrighted materials. You may use the digitized material for private study, scholarship, or research. Though the University of Alabama in Huntsville Archives and Special Collections has physical ownership of the material in its collections, in some cases we may not own the copyright to the material. It is the patron's obligation to determine and satisfy copyright restrictions when publishing or otherwise distributing materials found in our collections. https://oralhistory.uah.edu/files/original/79b1a4f710086f92c20deef7494969eb.png e71abe6d8a73edd6212fbb19ea705846 https://oralhistory.uah.edu/files/original/0370c149edebfd0a723ff806cfa91d5d.mp4 8f8e7662f41c10d9c75b98d4e869e65e Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource The United States Army Redstone Arsenal Collection Oral History A resource containing historical information obtained in interviews with persons having firsthand knowledge. Interviewee The person(s) being interviewed Gardner, Paul Interviewer The person(s) performing the interview Boles, Vinny Duration Length of time involved (seconds, minutes, hours, days, class periods, etc.) 1:13:14 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context ohc_army_000010 Title A name given to the resource Paul Gardner Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2025-08-22 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource .MP4 Type The nature or genre of the resource Oral History Video Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived University of Alabama in Huntsville Archives and Special Collections, Huntsville, Alabama Language A language of the resource en Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource This material may be protected under U. S. Copyright Law (Title 17, U.S. Code) which governs the making of photocopies or reproductions of copyrighted materials. You may use the digitized material for private study, scholarship, or research. Though the University of Alabama in Huntsville Archives and Special Collections has physical ownership of the material in its collections, in some cases we may not own the copyright to the material. It is the patron's obligation to determine and satisfy copyright restrictions when publishing or otherwise distributing materials found in our collections. https://oralhistory.uah.edu/files/original/783fa47a5d58dec71ce74100fcbed50b.jpg 4598197eb9b09fa4ae86fb6882190ee7 https://oralhistory.uah.edu/files/original/a9e05afcb8f95dc5b7373339f1bbf464.mp4 c854a1abfc0cd3cf0f11245e9f8b1d8e Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Saturn V Collection Oral History A resource containing historical information obtained in interviews with persons having firsthand knowledge. Interviewee The person(s) being interviewed Paul, Hans G.. Interviewer The person(s) performing the interview Bilstein, Roger E. Duration Length of time involved (seconds, minutes, hours, days, class periods, etc.) 0:10:37 Transcription Any written text transcribed from a sound [00:00:00] Hans Paul: You tell me what you want to, what you're interested in. I don't know. I have not... [00:00:08] Roger Bilstein: I think we’re interested in everything you said [inaudible]. [laughs] [00:00:11] HP: I have not prepared anything for this [inaudible]. It might be good; it might be bad. I don't know. [00:00:21] RB: Well, we have lots of questions. Perhaps we can just call you back sometime. [00:00:25] HP: Are you ready now? [00:00:26] RB: Yeah, go ahead. [00:00:27] HP: What I wanted to say…I made it a point that many people think the [rapid?] engine is the whole of the [propulsion system?], and it is not. It is a very essential and a very important part, but there are many, many other aspects that are equally important, which cannot be neglected [inaudible]. I tried to illustrate this. The thermal engineering was extremely important, as was the orbital restart of the J-2 engine. Again, on the S-IVB. You know, they run up [inaudible] and say, “You cannot [inaudible] orbit extremely difficult.” Furthermore, on the ground, you have still the atmosphere. If you are not careful, the atmosphere is [cool?] You don't see it; you don't pay for it. And orbit, [inaudible] [and what happened?] [00:01:22] HP: First of all, we insisted that we run our test in…Now if I say so, I might [inaudible]...We felt that we should simulate orbit in the Tullahoma test facility [inaudible]. Then we had to prove it, I guess, for three months. Presentation after presentation. Finally [inaudible] “You’re sure about this?” [Inaudible] Are you familiar with it? You know, you can fire the J-2 engine, the vacuum, up to and so-and-so many thousand of feet. And what did we find? We found that the cross-over duct [overheated?]. There was heat [soaked?] back [or whatever?] it was. During restart, so oxygen pump—or turbine first—got more energy than intended or designed for. If you do so, then you change, during the start-up, the mixture. You get more oxygen in your gas generator and in your gas generator mainly. This increases your temperature, so you exceed the upper temperature. If you do so, then you burn up your turbine [case?], and there is no second start. [00:02:58] HP: So we found this out. Then, of course, after you have this proof, then you can sit down…And then the contractor, of course. They analyze it. They should have done this before. They didn’t because they are confident that during their tests on the ground, they never really have a problem like this. An engineer must never be overconfident. He must always be suspicious. He must be skeptical by profession, otherwise he is [inaudible]. What I wanted to say is that our thermal properties, [inaudible] the whole propulsion system—from the lowest temperature, the [reach?] or [real?], close to zero, up to the highest temperatures, which can be handled at the present time technologically—they play a very important part. Regardless of which new project comes in [inaudible] the temperature control, the astronaut basically brushes off the radiator, then turns around and brushes himself off and brushes the dust back on the radiator again, which causes low temperatures and the missing [inaudible] after take off temperature problems. This aspect is extremely essentially the point. It is not normally as a rule realized by, except for the few who are intensively involved in it [inaudible]. [00:04:37] RB: Did you get involved very much with insulation problems then too? [00:04:41] HP: Oh yeah, we do. We call it the high temperature heat protection. On the lower end, the conservation of hydrogen, we call it cryopropellant preservation. We do this. I think we are on the forefront. [00:05:00] RB: I was curious about the difference in design—if you want to comment about it—between the S-IVB, which had the internal insulation, and the S-II, which had the external. [00:05:09] HP: I can show it to you. This is the data—the evaporation, lots of liquid hydrogen storage. The hydrogen evaporation is [inaudible] day is shown here, and here is the storage volume, liters. So if you have a container that is 100 liters, and you lose one percent, then it’s here. If you lose ten percent, it’s here. If you lose 100 percent a day, then it’s here. Is that clear? Can [inaudible]. [00:05:41] HP: Now you asked about the S-IV. The hydrogen loss of the internal insulation on the S-IV is 0.9 here. In orbit, it is down here. On the S-II stage, with the external insulation, the helium-purged foam on the S-II stage on the ground is here. The NAPCO spray foam insulation, we consider this on the ground, because the attitude is not high enough. The pressure is too high. But it's here. Does this answer your question? [00:06:16] HP: In other words, the S-IV on the ground would have an evaporation loss of over 100 percent. The S-II, there’s not much difference. It's at 100 percent, but it is a little bit better. Whereas in orbit, the S-IVB—now this would be in orbit it would be better too—it has ten, I would say it is probably fifteen, around fifteen or twenty percent. [00:06:50] HP: Now you asked what we are doing in insulation. We just tested a few weeks ago this 105 inch in diameter liquid hydrogen storage tank. It's 10,000 liters, a little bit more than 10,000 liters capacity. You see it is less than one percent, it is 0.3 percent. In thirty days, you would have ten percent loss. That is [inaudible]. [00:07:23] RB: Excuse me, going back to the S-II, there is a problem because you really don't consider it lost in orbital mode. [00:07:28] HP: Let me tell you, this insulation was not available at the time [this stage had been built?] ten years ago. This insulation was not in [inaudible]. For the time being, you must say that if you are on the ground you can always replenish. It's a short flight of five minutes, doesn't amount to anything. I think it was adequate. It was very adequate. But the improvement from year to year if you show it on a log scale is peanuts. What we need now. I should not interrupt you. You asked a question. [00:08:07] RB: The S-IVB was a little…Can you say that the S-IVB was a little more efficient then? [00:08:13] HP: No, because on the ground, it was even…Let’s see…We are nitpickers who say, [“Was it working?”] I would say—if you ask me—I would say the S-IVB and the S-II were the state of [inaudible]. It served the purpose. [00:08:30] RB: Okay, that's what I'm getting at, I guess. [00:08:32] HP: It served the purpose. And now, the requirements are greatly increasing and are much tougher. These insulations for orbital storage would not be good enough. Unfortunately, we have been able to reduce this by roughly two orders of magnitude. Let me explain. You see, in a storage container, the surface area of the volume changes with the third rule of the volume. [00:09:12] RB: I’ll take your word for it. [00:09:12] HP: In other words, what it loses…Take a sphere. If you have a small sphere, then the external area is relatively large compared to the content. If you have a big sphere, then the volume can hold increases faster [compared to surface area?]. For a storage container, a big container is always [at an advantage?]. I have shown this by plotting in here the one-third power of the volume. In other words, if you take this volume here, you go three or you could go three over here. One, one, two, three. This line would come from here to here. In other words, if you have 100,000 instead of 100, then your loss comes down by the third rule of thousands, which is [inaudible]. That is exactly what we choose here. In other words, what I should not do, I should not compare the loss of a small container to that of a big container. I have to normalize it. This is what these lines do. [00:10:33] John Stuart Beltz: Excuse me, I hate to interrupt. We've run over our time, and we also have no energy. [tape ends] Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context ohc_stnv_000032_A Title A name given to the resource Paul, Hans G. Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource .MP4 Type The nature or genre of the resource Interviews Audio Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived University of Alabama in Huntsville Archives and Special Collections, Huntsville, Alabama Language A language of the resource en Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource This material may be protected under U. S. Copyright Law (Title 17, U.S. Code) which governs the making of photocopies or reproductions of copyrighted materials. You may use the digitized material for private study, scholarship, or research. Though the University of Alabama in Huntsville Archives and Special Collections has physical ownership of the material in its collections, in some cases we may not own the copyright to the material. It is the patron's obligation to determine and satisfy copyright restrictions when publishing or otherwise distributing materials found in our collections. Description An account of the resource Hans Paul’s interview emphasizes that successful rocket propulsion depends on more than the engine itself, highlighting the critical roles of thermal engineering, insulation, and temperature management within the overall propulsion system. Paul discusses the importance of accurately simulating orbital conditions during J-2 engine testing, explaining how vacuum tests at the Tullahoma facility revealed overheating in the cross-over duct that affected the oxygen pump turbine, altered mixture ratios, raised gas generator temperatures, and threatened turbine damage during engine restarts. He stresses the need for engineers to remain skeptical and thoroughly test systems rather than rely solely on successful ground tests. Paul also describes NASA’s work in thermal protection, including high-temperature protection and cryogenic propellant preservation, and compares insulation approaches used on the S-IVB and S-II stages, noting that both were state-of-the-art for their time and adequate for Apollo missions despite limitations in long-duration orbital storage. He explains advances in insulation technology, including improved liquid hydrogen storage systems that greatly reduced evaporation losses, and discusses how larger storage volumes improve efficiency because surface area increases more slowly than volume. Overall, Paul argues that thermal management was a fundamental factor in the success of Saturn-era propulsion systems and would remain essential for future space projects. https://oralhistory.uah.edu/files/original/8eed79102091a1bec869c69e71eb3b96.png efec3aa044137af3a81554942a41b553 https://oralhistory.uah.edu/files/original/c37fc56f403327146bff45d2d4cfa804.mp4 14c49aaa5c8f0f3b16f08815bab1244a Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource The United States Army Redstone Arsenal Collection Oral History A resource containing historical information obtained in interviews with persons having firsthand knowledge. Interviewee The person(s) being interviewed Risher, Paulette Interviewer The person(s) performing the interview Boles, Vinny Duration Length of time involved (seconds, minutes, hours, days, class periods, etc.) 1:04:54 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context ohc_army_000018 Title A name given to the resource Paulette Risher Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2025-10-31 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource .MP4 Type The nature or genre of the resource Oral History Video Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived University of Alabama in Huntsville Archives and Special Collections, Huntsville, Alabama Language A language of the resource en Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource This material may be protected under U. S. Copyright Law (Title 17, U.S. Code) which governs the making of photocopies or reproductions of copyrighted materials. You may use the digitized material for private study, scholarship, or research. Though the University of Alabama in Huntsville Archives and Special Collections has physical ownership of the material in its collections, in some cases we may not own the copyright to the material. It is the patron's obligation to determine and satisfy copyright restrictions when publishing or otherwise distributing materials found in our collections. https://oralhistory.uah.edu/files/original/2d98ec3b86c859f61e503e9de3f907df.jpg ed48955f90bbf92640c11dc0ce957e83 https://oralhistory.uah.edu/files/original/24f9f8c6f2cf093406f368046e4bc40b.mp4 3f7e54b8bed8f6a91c9f74f85da75bda Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Anthony Young Collection Oral History A resource containing historical information obtained in interviews with persons having firsthand knowledge. Interviewee The person(s) being interviewed Pavlics, Ferenc Interviewer The person(s) performing the interview Young, Anthony Duration Length of time involved (seconds, minutes, hours, days, class periods, etc.) 0:53:59 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context spc_youn_000018 Title A name given to the resource Pavlics, Ferenc Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2005-08-30 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource .MP4 Type The nature or genre of the resource Interviews Audio Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived University of Alabama in Huntsville Archives and Special Collections, Huntsville, Alabama Language A language of the resource en Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource This material may be protected under U. S. Copyright Law (Title 17, U.S. Code) which governs the making of photocopies or reproductions of copyrighted materials. You may use the digitized material for private study, scholarship, or research. Though the University of Alabama in Huntsville Archives and Special Collections has physical ownership of the material in its collections, in some cases we may not own the copyright to the material. It is the patron's obligation to determine and satisfy copyright restrictions when publishing or otherwise distributing materials found in our collections.